At Home Self Brazilian Waxing

floor oak floor in the new edition

floor is an essential component of durable equipment housing. Aesthetic values \u200b\u200bare in this case as important as strength and resistance to: abrasion, drawing, water, tempera ture and detergents. Floors subjected to daily dynamic loads, static, chemical and thermal aging is. To maintain its appearance for years to do it with appropriate materials.

One of them is related to epoxy resin. Thanks its properties such as high hardness, mechanical strength, chemical resistance, moisture resistance and a wide palette of colors ideally suited as a top layer of the floor.




functionality of the epoxy flooring for over 50 years can be used in the industry thanks to its mechanical properties and hygienic. The ability to perform these floor coverings as seamless and smooth with a uniform structure (due to dirt does not penetrate into the depths) and resistance to detergents makes the floor easy to clean, hypoallergenic, and is insensitive to moisture. Epoxy floors can be used in living conditions, especially in garages and basements because of the ease of maintenance and cleanliness in bathrooms and areas used as laundry rooms, extra risk due to moisture.



Originality
Given the widespread use of epoxy flooring in the industry often associated with "cold" and the raw interior, in tones of gray. However, due to the possibility of staining resins are able to obtain a homogeneous plane with intense color, which is very well suited to indoor living.

Epoxy resins are also present in the form of transparent which allows for embedding objects and create original, unique designs. Ideally look in places where we want to highlight the individual character of the interior.



technology evolution that has taken place in the manufacturing of epoxy floor over 50 years meant that this material is identified with high strength. The current direction of development is Water-based epoxy resins, which combine the mechanical properties of ecological requirements. The result of research into this technology is to create an environmentally friendly product, while characterized by high quality.

the epoxy flooring is the perfect solution for the home, combining high technical parameters with the possibility of references to each style and create an original arrangement with the specific requirements of ecology. Even greater opportunities for aesthetic interior design gives the flooring based polyurethane resin, more flexible, dampens sound and easy application, so you can use it to simply "paint" pictures.


source: Sto-ispo

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What is concrete?

water, cement and fine filler material - these are the most important components of concrete. Depending on their characteristics and composition are changing the properties of concrete. One of the main parameters determining the resistance of the flooring, the subsidence of the concrete mass. It is determined according to the water / cement ratio and the number of special additives - The smaller the water to cement ratio, the more quality cement.

Before laying the concrete floor facility should determine the state of the substrate. If the floor is laid for the first time, research is needed surveying the area from which you will be able to plan work. If the old concrete surface, you should first read the technical documentation for its styling, and if does not exist - do research. This will help to accurately splanować work. It is also important whether the substrate has a waterproofing.

Then:

• Preparatory . If the substrate is old, you must remove the sick part of it, the floor wash away dirt, dust and grease.
• Waterproofing . If the existing substrate and a new floor put a layer of polymer, it not only stops moisture, but also reduce the possibility of the appearance of cracks due to subsidence. This layer provides the advance of the concrete surface between the joints. If this layer will not, joints may arise between the cracks.
• Strengthening. If the substrate is quite strong, it strengthens the grid with one or two layers of the valve. Net is destined to take over the burden of subsidence in hardened concrete.
• concrete additives. Before the appearance of cracks in fresh concrete protects the use of polymer fibers or metal fibers. The concrete plant along with the fiber is inserted into the plasticizers - concrete additives to reduce subsidence. The remainder of the plasticised concrete is poured into the square, since the time of their actions wynisi - 30-50 min. Plasticizers are selected depending on the needs of technical and temperature.
• adopting concrete foreman should already have a plan to end the project. If the ground is laid thick cover such as concrete and magnesium or to cover the polymer with the addition of quartz, adopted concrete enough to thicken the concrete vibrator and smooth vibrating sander. In the case where the finished surface will be piling thin polymeric cover or it is painted, the concrete should be equal to the equations of special machines, concrete, thereby enhancing its upper layer, because the thin layer covering all the inequality persists concrete.
• Prevent accumulation of dust can be the concrete floor being careful thickening mineral additives. These materials are applied to the freshly placed, leveled concrete. It is a concrete maintenance measure, which also improves its drying. In a way it złańcza chemical materials that produce dust, so the floor becomes a stronger and more can be cleaned.
• Expansion joints. When laying concrete floor should be remembered of joints in the settlement. These connectors are divided into the concrete surface in such a way as to allow it to settle and there were no cracks causing internal loads. The depth of connections varies from 30 mm to 1 / 2 thickness of concrete, depending on the thickness and device technology. Spare connector is filled with special elastic material.

over time to affect different parts of the building load. Most are charged to the floor. Concrete composition and method of stacking may be impact on its durability, resistance to know, density, cooling, subsidence and water. Keep this in mind when laying the floor. Although

, concrete can withstand heavy loads, however, if the anticipated installation of a concrete floor in a place where great demands are placed, you should note that the method of laying a concrete floor with a stronger top layer is called toppingu. This method also helps protect the top layer of dust that arises when the upper layer znaszaniu.

Technology floor installation of reinforced concrete top layer is pretty simple. To the newly arranged and adjusted the concrete surface is rubbed with a special dry mix, which significantly strengthens the technical characteristics of concrete: flattening resistance, impact, you know, is less accumulation of dust and improves the overall appearance of the floor.

What are dry curing concrete?

dry mixture of hydraulic cement, and minor additions to be evenly rubbed into the surface of the concrete before it hardens, then corrected to give the surface desired properties. The mixture may contain pigments or may not contain.

While rubbing a mixture soaks into the top layer of concrete and made it even denser. After the final sanding is closed most of the pores located in the concrete surface, which increases its resistance to cold. Such a floor can be used 15 - 20 years. The reinforced layer of concrete, forming a whole is essential, because both covers are arranged with the help of Portland cement. Resistance of the upper layer is 90 cps, and more. Dry-floor hardeners produced by modern technology can withstand very heavy burden - even tracked machines.

Advantages floor arranged on the basis of technology topping :

Longevity;

not be dusting;

Greater resistance to know;

Easy care;

short technological process;

floor can be colored;

constitutes the entire top layer of concrete is not essential and odłańcza;

Where it can be installed?

1. In plants, warehouses;
2. In the area of \u200b\u200btrade;
3. in garages for cars and trucks;
4. On parkingas;

Properties

floor - walk on the floor can be after one day;

- light loads are allowed after one week;

- total load floor is allowed after 12 - 28 days.

http://pl.pl.allconstructions.com/portal/categories/8/1/0/1/article/32 # article

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Concrete floor in the garage floor coverings of cork

garage - it's not just a room in which keep the car. It is also the place where the various tools and equipment.

not quality garage flooring can cover up unwanted dirt. It is quite common. It would seem that this part of the house does not require much attention, but a good floor in the garage will protect the surface from exposure to harmful materials. So do not be hard to keep it clean, and the garage will be in good condition for many years. From the floor of the garage to decide if it will work nicely, because there does fine renovations. The same applies to garages - the studio that auto mechanics are to work.

finish the walls in the garage should be simple, easy to clean, should not be on him to collect soot and dirt. Best suited to the paint or plaster. The lower part of the wall should be painted a dark, while the top - a bright color.

If you spend a lot of time in the garage, it would be useful to warming. With the existing wall is mounted a metal or wooden frame. Between him secure an insulating film is placed glass wool and hides desired finishing material. These can be wooden, plastic or gypsum board, glass, organic or profiled sheet. General problem of such premises is moisture. There may be mold. Wet floors can cause other problems: it becomes difficult to keep cardboard boxes or other objects are not resistant to moisture, it is slippery. The floor must have a small slope. The best option - it is good air circulation and put things in such a way that does not touch the floor. Coverage must be resistant to moisture and does not absorb water. The second important factor - the floor must look neat and aesthetically.

If the floor surface is of poor quality, even the most expensive and very good quality surface is unable to maintain their positive characteristics. The floors of the garage may be concrete or tiled. They are porous and fragile - easily contaminate the fluids, sewage, or simply wydeptują up. Concrete - a cheap material, but it is not very resistant to mechanical damage, moisture and temperature fluctuations.

concrete must be of good quality to withstand the weight of the car. In the garage, it is recommended pouring a mixture of cement floors, since this base is strong, well withstand a greater load. Garages are often not the most heated, and this product is resistant to cold.

suitable option for the floor in the garage - ceramic tile is tough enough, if they are used according to purpose and properly aligned lined the ground. It is important that the tile was not a space, in which case the plate sooner or later, may break. In addition, glazed tiles are very slippery, especially if the floor is wet. Therefore the best choose tiles with a rough surface. For sloped surfaces are better suited to the corundum plates. The form and dimensions of the tiles can be different. Of course, with large tiles is much easier to work. Small plates require more time and diligence.

wooden cover is effective, economical, quick and easy to style. Made from durable wood species may be based not only on the ground with a layer of plastic - it can also be laid on the diagonal strips of the same type of wood. It is reliable and strong, distinguished not only by good ventilation, but also to withstand the weight of several tons, and the proper care it provides a beautiful appearance for many years. Of course, such coverage does not solve the problem of collecting water and drainage facilities can be useful even help builders. The disadvantage of hardwood floors is that after covering the floor boards in the gaps between them gets a different dirt and small details. The timber can easily percolate different odors, which are difficult to get rid of later.

Another variant cover (if the garage is located outside the city) - a gazebo poured asphalt.

Popular is to protect the garage floor with epoxy paint. It is a hermetic paint, floor isolate fat, chemicals and stains, and for some time protects it from dirt up. Since the concrete floor in the garage while walking easily rubs off, the surface of the paint will protect it from fading away, not only, but also the cracks. Painting with epoxy is cheap and does not require much effort. The advantage of this ink is that it can brighten and visually enlarge the same room. After adding sand to improve traction and floor will be less slippery. Another

type - a temporary and removable cover, such as carpets. Made up of smaller sections can be combined, thus, protect and cover the concrete floor. Smaller rugs can be simply put under the car. They protect your garage floor from oil or other liquids. These rugs are easy to clean, you can simply wash.

developed into the garage floor covering is cheaper than the combined floor mats. In addition, it is easy to adjust them to the surface. Instead of connecting sections of rugs, empty garage, expand cover the entire width of the floor and cut to desired size. It's quite easy to arrange, just as easily be retracted. Rubber cover, in which the binding material is polyurethane, is suitable for confined spaces, as well as the open squares. A plastic substrate - grille allows air circulation and impervious to water.

Mineral and waterproof topping is used only during the concreting of the new floor, and the tar epoxy and abrasion resistant layer - when renovating floors and a desire to strengthen the existing flooring. Epoxy and polyurethane industrial mixtures are resistant to abrasion and impact, gasoline, lubricants and autochemii.

floor below the groundwater level under the action of atmospheric moisture, lactic acid, chlorites and products naftopochodnych recommended insulating cover with a sprinkling of mineral substrate. Most

for the protection of mineral medium in garages, and underground garages autoserwisach uses the following types of structures (in order of decreasing efficiency and lifetime):
construction materials, which based on special fillers (quartz, granite, etc.), playing the role of a strong backbone and a polymeric base, which provides uniformity and surface binding properties. Best able to withstand a spiky tires and detergents. Such a floor can be used for decades.
floor poured - is a uniform, protective surface, formed from the compounds of polyurethane, epoxy and mixed. It is a membrane with a thickness of 1.5 mm applied to the mineral surface.
mix paints thin - thin polymer film, coated with 2-3 stages. Uniformity and good reliable performance make the floor at low and medium loads.

Surface Epoxy - is a long-lived and highly resistant to aggressive environmental conditions. Epoxy surfaces are placed in an existing concrete floor at the time of repairs, or wanting to further protect the concrete from aggressive materials. They are distinguished by good mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, good chemical resistance, give the floor an attractive appearance and can be of different shades. Before applying this type of surface, using pressurized water or sand, is suitable surface roughness, concrete cleans well, removes the disadvantages. Soil moisture must not exceed 4%. For tar epoxy, which are diluted with water, humidity, space may be 8%. This material is used for finishing of industrial floors, parking lots and other surfaces, which are under the influence of prolonged mechanical action. The biggest advantage of the surface of epoxy is that it is working with them is fast and cheap, and the quality and aesthetic appearance of these materials do not deviate from expensive ceramic and stone tiles. In the damp place water permeable epoxy surface also serves as the waterproofing. Epoxy Surface
great withstand trampling, you can choose several shades, or using special colored chips mimic the motley surface. After adding to the weight of quartz sand surface obtains a rough texture and will not be slippery.

Tar Epoxy for floor surfaces can be divided according to different aspects:
The normal and low adhesion
One-, two-component and multi-
with organic diluents, without solvents, diluted with water

Depending on the pitch, surface covered with a roller, brush or brush. Usually two layers: first layer is designed for wet pores (to reduce absorption). When the surface contains many pores, it is recommended to use low-tar epoxy adhesive.

To improve endurance, to tar epoxy can be added silica additives with fractions of 0.3 - 0.6 mm and different shades. They can be sprinkled on the freshly coated epoxy surface. After the epoxy hardened, broom sweeps poorly congruent additives, thus we give the surface roughness.

to work with epoxy pavements are not necessarily specialists are needed high quality. Once the relevant compound, epoxy paint surface or align roller blade can an ordinary painter, and after consultation with specialists - not even the owner of the garage. A temperature of 200C for 45 minutes on a layer of epoxy film is formed, and after 24 hours the surface is completely dry.

materials of mineral surface floors are produced based on cement with special additives, from which amounts will depend on the surface mechanical properties and resistance to chemicals. Mineral surfaces using a technology coverage is divided into:
dry granules are laid on the freshly poured concrete
special blend thin, placed on existing concrete floors

What type of surface mineral uses in a particular case depends on the expected operating conditions from the floor and what we want to highlight its properties: resistance to abrasion, to chemicals and water impermeability. All mineral surfaces to protect from the above mentioned factors, but the specific properties for various materials can be made more visible.

for street parking, the floors are under constant exposure to moisture or chemically active environment, using a dry mineral posypek that crystallization method provide a deep waterproofing concrete. The granules are placed on a fresh concrete using the same technology as the imposition of sprinkles, which offers resistance resistance. It may be different shades. Using hydroizolacyjnymi sprinkled with crystalline materials due to their properties, we solve several problems: They are harmless
chemical materials, which permanently hydroizolują concrete, protecting it from water infiltration or aggressive chemicals. Although upon reaching the concrete strength, the floor impervious to water, but during the operation, when the moisture soaks into the floor (where the pressure is increased the ground water, or generates microcracks, etc.) the effect of waterproofing still growing, and resulting mikroszpary close.
provides a concrete, long-lasting protection against the destructive cycle of warming / freezing and chemical attack.
increases the mechanical strength of concrete.
Special, increasing resistance to abrasion additives surface is tough enough to withstand a medium and light load on the floor.

The level depends on the level of rubbing the surface roughness. Using appropriate technology top layer of flooring is stronger and more resistant to abrasion than the lower layers of concrete. Together provides a deep waterproofing and resistance to chemicals (petroleum products, lubricants, chlorites used on roads in winter). Both mineral
topping, as well as topping with metallic additives, poured on the fresh concrete mix. Preparing the mixture, it is not recommended to use water softeners with ligno-sulphate, which is composed of more than 5% sugar. However, the dispersion can be mixed in any armed or. Additional preparation of granules before its use is not needed. Poured it on the concrete floor after 1.5-3 hours after the spill. It depends on the ambient temperature. You can sprinkle granules are manually but it is more practical to use a special mechanical dispensers, which provide an even scattering, which determines the quality of the surface. The necessary amount can be poured twice. After half of the scattering, the surface leveled grater. When the topping is moist, the second part of sleep. It is important that the granules are put before the concrete hardens. Otherwise, sprinkle a layer can separate from the concrete.

When the surface can no longer walk, the granules are grind. You can only rub your hand along the edges of the floor, or if the space is small. When you sand the granules are well, produces a matte or glossy surface.

abrasion-resistant layer on the basis of mineral materials, can be installed on an existing concrete floor. For this purpose the obsuwającej a mixture (120-160mm), which are composed of fillers to reduce wear and wedding dispersion weapons. This surface is used in the renovation of old concrete floor, or wanting to increase resistance to abrasion of the existing floor (for example, after changing operating conditions). Minimum thickness of pavement is 12 mm, resistance after 28 days of pressing - 60 MPa, resistance to frost - F100. Because of these properties, the surface can be coated on the outside and inside. Before casting a layer of low abrasiveness, the base must be prepared: We're outta pressurized water pollution and, if necessary, cover the layer polepszającą grip. Taking into account the "seams" deformation base is divided into sections. Padded with a mixture of concentrated strip vibration, the ends of which are based on the switches. Layer is leveled, then compacted a thickened surface. When the surface reaches the initial strength, finish it.

choosing the floor surface, not only pay our attention on the economy. Please consider the impact of individual factors in the future exploitation: the impact of chemical mechanisms and cargo loads, the influence of the atmosphere, the movement of pedestrians. Depending on demand, each of these options can make a surface storage, not only functional and useful, but also appealing room.

For more on this topic http://pl.pl.allconstructions.com/portal/categories/13/1/0/1/article/831 # article

To Get My Temporary License

offered among a multitude of types of finishing materials is not easy to decide what floor covering whether the wall has to be in the next house. Speaking of coats of natural cork, which is not a novelty in Poland, still feel the lack of information about these materials. There is also skeptical, although a soft material such as cork and conservative view on the traditional floor coverings such as parquet flooring, laminated boards, etc. But that is only matter of time. In the world of cork products are becoming increasingly popular. In the more advanced countries began to become increasingly attuned to the natural materials, either by installing thermal insulation and the lining walls and floors. Not without reason that in Germany more than all the European countries of cork products are sold. Approximately 60% of the cork falls on the American state. Rapidly increasing demand for cork production in Japan. Apparently for such popularity is influenced by a deep tradition of the Japanese walk around the house barefoot.

cork production is not cheap. This is understandable, since the cork - this is a unique material which is distinguished by its properties and a limited amount of land and its demand in the world is constantly increasing. Cork - it is the bark of cork oak, growing on the western shores of the Mediterranean. Without harming the bark of trees every 9 - 10 years obłupia the trunk. In this way a raw material for the manufacture of cork products. Stopper for bottles of wine are produced from the same material. Now, with the help of modern technology began to develop cork finishing materials for walls and floors, cork, technical, etc.

In Poland gained in popularity, cork wall finishing materials (plates, wallpapers, covers, roll). The most popular ones are the wall panels with dimensions of 600 × 300 and a thickness of 3 mm. It is produced from natural cork. Depending on the size of pieces of oak bark, and the direction of cutting is used for making plates of different designs (invoice). To avoid the monotony caused by a single color cork, the majority of designs colors or completely painted in different colors. Almost all the plates of the specimen covered with a protective wax layer, which protects on external factors, dirt and przeschnięcia.

cork wall panels suitable for residential and industrial premises. Depending on the style with their help create a decorative finishing elements, or cover the whole wall. No need to be remembered however, that cap its texture and color is "strong" material, which is why wall coverings should be used in moderation. A few years of operation disclosed all its practical features: durability, resistance to dirt to thermal insulation properties. Currently, these coatings are widely used in places which is znaszają or dirty. These are the halls, walls, staircases, stairs, children's rooms, the walls in the kitchen, etc. In such cases it is necessary to use a cork plate covered with a protective wax layer. For sale are treated with wax and niewoskowane variants. If after some time the walls are wybrudzą, they can be easily cleaned with soapy or dipped in a weak liquid with a damp sponge. Niewoskowane board is recommended to use where there is no direct contact with clothing, furniture, or hands, because they are more susceptible to dirt and are difficult to I clean. Wax also protects the cork from drying off, so after some time in the warmer areas between the plates niewoskowanymi gaps may occur.

cork coverings are not afraid to mechanical damage: scratches, cuts, stings pin.

cork has a wonderful property to hide the cuts, except that the general background they just can not see. Very damaged disc is not difficult to replace with new ones.

cork wall panels to the floor is sticky. Before the operation it is necessary to acclimate them, ie to extract and for 24 hours to leave the room, where they will be taped. Although gluing cork offers of various types of glue, do not use the long drying and imposed ząbkowatą spatula. During the acclimation can change the width of plate, which is the primary indicator of the quality of bonding. If you use these glues the edges of the plates are not on one line, making it difficult to continue working. Therefore, we recommend that you use adhesives on the type of contact. Cork boards can be a little stretch or download. Contact adhesive in the blink of an eye corrected stick the disc in the required position. In order to avoid gaps between the panels, plate while sticking to the press have already adhered. During the coverage of adhesive is in no way, you can soak the plates, because it can make the panels appear bulge, which can be difficult to remove. This is one of the fundamental mistakes made due to negligent performance of work or not instructed to gluing.

cork wall coverings equally sticky, dry and solid surfaces. If this is a plastered wall, it should be even wyszpachlować time to reduce quantity thus used glue. You can also stick to painted surfaces, it is just that they are strong, and the paint is not flaky. If the surface is covered with wallpaper, wallpaper should be removed. If the surface has a slight inequality, cork board hide it well. The sheets are flexible, so you can teach them round metal columns.

Although cork absorbs little moisture, but remember that it is not recommended it stick to wet walls. Moisture from the inner side of the room is not as harmful as the spreading of the wall. Cork does not attract mold and rot, it is also susceptible to fungus, but over time the adhesive, which is glued, it can not withstand. In this case, it is recommended to cover a wall or put a layer of insulating gypsum - cardboard, which then stick the cork. In very wet areas is not recommended to use a painted cork boards, because moisture may damage the paint.

cork - is a material naturally. Under the action of the sun is shining. When designing the finish is not recommended for planning to cover the cork in places that are under direct sunlight. If you can not change the project for sun protection should be provided for curtains or blinds.

So, using the above advice, you can create a cozy, comfortable and not aging finish.

most important species is the production of cork flooring.

Demand for wall coverings, cork is often dependent fashion, while increasing the popularity of cork floors and occupies a strong position among the various types of flooring. It is unbelievable that these covers are placed in airport lounges, hospitals, churches, etc., and they serve up over 20 years. They are cork cover utilities. They may be floating and bonded, with an invoice from natural cork and covered with various wood chips. Size of the whole production is covered with a friction-resistant, transparent layer of vinyl. Heels in this case acts as a layer of thermal insulation and amortization. It is a quiet, robust and longevity floor. Just like any other, but it also needs proper care. There are specific to the preservation measures, which must be processed on a regular basis. These measures increase the longevity of the floor and improve the overall appearance. Most state of the floor depends on the host, it should provide care taking into account the periodicity of the floor you know. This type of floor it is advisable to put on a leveling layer of concrete, paying particular attention to the insulating layer. The amount of moisture in the concrete should not exceed 2%. This is one of the main factors determining the operation of cork flooring. Most of these errors by ignoring the reputation suffers from the same material. Coverage of general interest are also arranged in a residential area, but to do so for a cheaper, warmer type of floor with natural cork, pressed, which, after laying coincides varnish. Price per 1 m 2 this type of floor is approximately equal to the price floor. It is exceptionally quiet, warm, laminated flooring. Its longevity depends on the initial investment, and that is good but the road paint, which of course increases the price of 1m ² and best protect the new floor from znaszania. Tani, faint paint significantly reduces the time for the next painting. In this case, the worst is when pulled from the moment re-varnish, lacquer to know when a plug is dirty and destroyed. This is difficult to restore the floor and give it its original appearance. Covered with a good paint, properly operated and the time re-varnished cork floor really serve for many years. Even more so, that in comparison with the work of re-varnishing wooden floors are much simpler. On the floor is not to press the cork from furniture, shoe heels, etc., which are removed from the dance floor zeszlifowując layer of wood. Old paint should only remove the cork and put a new one. Heavily damaged cork boards should be replaced with new ones.

Chest Pains And Copper Tast

Natural yarn on the floor in the living rooms, wood floors

Marine animals have been the inspiration for the collection of carpets FLO Art Beskidzka. As a result, created a unique collection of carpets, referring to the coral reef.

carpets from the collection are manufactured by FLO handtaftingu (manual needling). The original effect was obtained entangling yarn of one color on the stem of another color, and then subjecting them to special machining processes. The high stakes of 4.5 cm braided yarn perfectly imitate the sea anemones.

different shapes of rugs Among the FLO (round, square, rectangular) and 30 color combinations, everyone can choose something for themselves. I enjoy the unusual softness of the natural rate of sheep's wool. People who value functionality household appliances will draw attention to the solid construction and non-slip carpet protection.

FLO is an original idea of \u200b\u200bthe Polish company Beskidzka Arts, specializing in the manufacture of blankets and carpets from natural yarns. The full range of Art Beskidzka can be found at www.sztuka-beskidzka.pl and Vestis showroom, located in Warsaw Domoteka.

Dimensions: 170 cm, 170 x 170 cm and 170 x 240 cm (on request manufacturer offers carpet in size and color different than the standard).
carpet pile height: 45 mm
Designer: Tadeusz Wieckowski
Manufacturer: Art Beskidzka

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Wood is still the most popular flooring material. Currently on the floor - in addition to boards, parquet and mosaic - are increasingly pavement is laid wooden floor panels or industrial.

mostly wooden flooring is laid in the living rooms and bedrooms. It may also be arranged in the hall, and a specially-finished flooring, moisture resistant, even in the kitchen. Wooden floors in addition to high strength are well suited to any decor, comfort, and easy to keep clean.

floor, which is the power of tradition
Parquet get along with strips called slats. They have a length of 25 to 50 cm, width 4-8 cm and a thickness of about 2 cm. Depending on their type can be arranged: a traditional parquet (flooring from one species of wood, combined with tongue and groove, arranged in different patterns such as herringbone, brick, or squares), decorative parquet (flooring from different species of wood of different colors and shapes ) or lamella parquet (wood flooring planks such have smooth edges, and arranged them into contact and, just like a normal floor, glued to the ground). Parquet can be installed on the mineral substrate (concrete, foundation, cement, gypsum), or on the boards or wood-based panels.

Mosaic, which is a simplified
floor is made of small slats (called sticks) adhered to the paper or mesh. Slats come in different sizes (120-160 mm in length, 22 mm and 8 mm thick). The whole CD is typically 640 mm in length and 320 mm in width. Mosaics can also be varied in color and arranged in various patterns. An interesting effect is a combination of a mosaic of several species of wood. The mosaic is laid mostly on concrete or cementitious plasters. Is secured with an adhesive for parquet. The individual elements are stuck to the ground, stacking them with paper or mesh top. After drying, this material breaks away, and the remains removed from the floor wet.

boards, or the simplicity and elegance
are produced mainly from solid wood, but they are also selling boards with wood laminate. The length of the boards is usually from 3 to 10 m, width from 9 to 18 cm and a thickness of from 14 to 30 mm. Their edges can be smooth or prepared to join with tongue and groove. Grooves and projections facilitate the connection and ensure the integrity of the floor. A novelty board with grooved bottoms. Those made from longitudinal incision improves the bottom floor ventilation arranged on a flat surface. Thanks to them, boards are less susceptible to deformation.
Battens are fixed mainly nails (it sticks up in the groove, the groove on the side) to the wooden joists spaced at 30-60 cm. They must be perfectly level. At the joists should also find a damp proof layer. Boards may also be placed directly on the concrete floor or on cement and gypsum plasters (you can then stick the adhesive). For small spaces manages to choose the boards of such length that they can be arranged without sztukowania. Will then extend from wall to wall. Sztukowanie When it becomes necessary, you need to buy a board of not more than the length or width of the third room. Must also be remembered that their connections in the rows do not form a single line. Ideally, when the boards in a row together in the middle of the length of the adjacent boards in a row. This method of linking is called "the turnout."

panels, three in one
Sandwich panels are made up mostly of three layers of wood glued together. Surface is a thin (2-4 mm) layer of fine wood. Middle layer are arranged perpendicular to the ridges run in a wood grain surface layer. It has a thickness of about 8 mm. The bottom layer, 1.5-3.5 mm thick, is made of wood of inferior quality (mostly with spruce veneer). Panel sizes vary. Their length can range from 40 to 250 cm and width from 13 to 21 cm. The thickness depends on the number and type of each layer. Panels are easy to install and usually do not require scraping and painting. Most of the wooden panels is pre-polished and coated with several coats of varnish. Sanded and painted panels can only be that the top layer is more than 4 mm thick. Panels does not stick, not nailed or screwed to the floor. It connects only to the edges, mostly using the glue. However, such panels are, and which is mounted bezklejowo - the latch. Both methods are good and give a stable and tight connection. Easier and faster method, however, is non-adhesive. In addition, the damaged panel with latch can be relatively easily replaced. Floor panels of this type can also be dismantled and moved elsewhere, such as moving house.

Bruk, a cube on the floor
The floor of this type get along with hardwood cubes (the elements of logs cut perpendicular to their length, making visible the transverse grain of wood). Best for this purpose are oak, beech and ash. Dice are usually 2,5-8 cm thick and sides of 4 cm. Are connected, like a mosaic, the plate (after 5-18 pieces) and stuck on the grid thermoplastic. It is fixed to the substrate with an adhesive for parquet, and after laying a grid to break. Wood grain are arranged perpendicular to the ground.

industrial floor, which goes
new floor is something between a mosaic pavement. It is performed with narrow slats width of 8-10 mm and a thickness of about 22 mm. So they are better than larger ones. Are connected at the plate with adhesive tape, which springs up after installation. Industrial parquet is fixed to the wall with adhesive.

Type Defects Advantages

Parquet flooring proper position requires professional knowledge and accuracy; easily here about bugs large selection of wood species and sizes of strips, available virtually anywhere, affordable price, a thick layer of homogeneous timber allows multiple scraping

Mosaic thin, it can not scrape too often quick and simple alignment

incompetent boards attached to the joists may creak under the feet, are often formed between the cracks arranged in a suitable direction can visually lengthen or widen the room

panels can not be renewed, and if it is, not as many times as the other floors do not have to be painted and sanded, because they are pre-finished, easy to style

Bruk niepolakierowany is very absorbent, while this feature makes it to finish the floors need to use more paint large thickness of the pavement provides the long-term durability, upright positioning provides high resistance to mechanical damage

industrial floor on large surfaces can be cast in the eyes of combining individual discs large thickness provides long-term durability, this floor is a cheap and fast in laying

Murator "

Text: Radoslaw Murat

Red Hands Red Soles Of Feet

material for walls and floors - for the design of the bathroom

ściny choosing material and floor in the bathroom, you want to follow more of the following advice ...

• dark colors will reduce the interior, in a small bathroom can cause a gloomy impression;
  
• clear shiny plates creates an aura of purity;
  
• on a small floor space we should use no more large-size tiles. Lines of contact will be introduced very distinct divisions, which should not be accidental;
  
• on large surfaces the use of too small tiles can cause an excess of feeling;
  
• grout color and width must necessarily be chosen according to the type of tiles;
  
• decors are separated plates with different model or animate too monotonous plane;
  
• more elaborate tile pattern or the alignment's apply in places that we want to expose, make the former more attractive. The floor tiles can determine the direction of guiding, for example, door-to-sink;
  
• tile with a clear pattern does not we should use as ornamental decor, collate them with neutral elements, does not introduce additional ornaments in the form of a complex figure formed by the merger of tiles;
  
• plates do not necessarily have to be laid over the entire surface of the walls. Well may appear in conjunction with a smooth plaster or coarse, ornate;
  
• if you choose the wood floor in a dark shade, it will blend in well with its tiled walls in bright colors (white, beige), with no clear picture, matt or polished. To this statement it is better not to introduce decors;
  
• wood can be used not only on the floor, but on the wall, large and small planes. Well, if it also appears in the form of furniture, a reference to the material of the floor;
  
• natural stone is better not to be combined with patterned tiles. Look good on the plane of the stone walls combined with mirrors, smooth or rough plaster.
  

http://www.muratordom.pl

No Period Lots Of Cervical Mucus

In recent years, laminate has become one of the most popular flooring materials. The reason? Look good, are durable, practical, easy to clean, their assembly is simple and fast, and there we have dozens of different designs and colors, so it will match the decor of any interior. The panels are well placed both in housing and public. However, it is important to properly select the class (quality) to conditions in the room. Depends on how long we will enjoy a nice and undisturbed ground.
Classification
floor panels to identify the quality of the floor panels are abrasion-class and working order.
Class usability (usability) panels divide the domestic and contract (for utilities), and each class is assigned to the intensity motion, which will dominate the room, which will be installed. On this basis distinguished six classes of service: 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33
first digit specifies the type of class designation of areas for which the product is intended. 2 indicates that the panels are designed for household objects. 3 means the public utilities.
second digit designates the class possible intensity of use of the product. The higher the number, the greater the amount of traffic allowed in the room.
Meaning
21 - means that the floor is designed for rooms with low-intensity home traffic such as bedroom, office, living room,
22 - means that the floor is designed for household room with medium traffic, eg the living room, dining room, child's room;
23 - means that the floor space is designed for pet heavy traffic areas such as the hallway, kitchen, living room.
31 - means that the floor is designed for public spaces with little traffic, eg in the hotel room, a small office.
32 - means that the floor is designed for public spaces with an average intensity traffic such as cafes, boutiques, offices.
33 - means that the floor is designed for public areas with heavy traffic such as school, cinema, larger store.

to determine the class of usable panels are also used graphic pictograms. The sign on the left side of pictogram identifies the room where the panels can be used. Vacation means living quarters and is equivalent to second Block, thallium as 3, is a public facility. Pictogram figures mean intensity of use: low, medium and high respectively for one, two and three characters.

Abrasion Class upper layer are assigned based on the Taber test, where the surface resistance to abrasion shall be the figure of rotation of the sample floor around the bar with a fine sandpaper to the initial damage to the finish. The greater the number of revolutions, the higher the resistance, or durability of the panels.

Based on the standard EN 13329 can distinguish the following five classes of abrasion panels:
AC1 - very poor resistance to abrasion;
AC2 - poor resistance to abrasion;
AC3 - good abrasion resistance;
AC4 - high resistance to abrasion;
AC5 - very high resistance to abrasion.

Class AC1, AC2 and AC3 are assigned to panels at home. Panels in the class AC4 and AC5 are intended for public utilities.

class

Speed \u200b\u200bOperating Conditions

AC1
900
moderate domestic
AC2

1800 General Household
AC3
2500
severe or moderate household contract
AC4
4000
general contract
AC5
6500
heavy contract

Abrasion Panels may also be classified according to EN 438, under which we distinguish the class W1-W5, the interpretation is analogous.

Product development
laminated panel is wood-based product, in almost 80% consisting of wood, but its appearance and durability determines the use of artificial components. This multilayer material consisting of four main layers.
upper layer (called an overlay) is a transparent protective layer, which protects the artwork from external factors such as stress, abrasion, impact, chemicals, light sunlight or high temperatures. Its strength is determined by classifying the laminate floor to a group utility. The material, which is responsible for the stability of the upper layer of the corundum.
decorative layer is a coating of the printed laminate impregnated with resin. Laminate flooring manufacturers offer a variety of panel designs, ranging from patterns imitating natural wood finishing imitation stone and ceramic tiles. Depending on the printing techniques used decors more or less like its prototype, but the more faithful copy of the original, the higher values decorative product. Currently, the most prized are the designs that not only looks, but also the texture feel like a natural material.
bearing layer is the core of the panel. Can it be:
· A disc Particleboard, or pressed wood chips under pressure with an adhesive, a low density below 650 kg/m3
· A disc MDF or HDF fiberboard is formed on the dry, produced from wood fibers combined synthetic glue under high pressure and temperature. The higher the density of the plate, the better usability obtain the final product. MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard) This disc of medium density. HDF (High Density Fibreboard) is a record of high density above 800 kg/m3. Support layer determines the resistance of the panel on the impact and dents. Additional soaking fibers HDF water resistant adhesive increases its resistance to moisture, protecting against penetration of water into the panel, which eliminates warping, rotting and prevents bulges in their joints.
· Low-pressure layer (underlay) to ensure the stability of shape and dimension of eliminating the stresses arising in other layers of the panel. It may be a laminate or several layers of prepared specially, reinforced paper przeciwprężnego. The bottom laminate is characterized by better stabilizing parameters, as in the case of moisture, it helps to restore the panel to its previous shape.

laminated panels are manufactured in the technology of DPL (Direct Pressure Laminate) or CPL (Continuous Pressure Laminate), where the top layer (CPL), a reinforced structure is produced separately and combined with other layers in the second stage of production. Using technology ensures reduced GLP stress on the finished product. However, CPL panels provide greater strength and higher edge resistance to impact.

innovation in the technology industry CML (Continuous Multi Layer Laminate), which combines the advantages of floor DPL and CPL.
DPL = CPL + CML CML
The production process is based on a modified, continuous press dwutaśmową allow direct compression layer structure composed of an overlay, decorative paper and przeciwprężnego, with the support plate in one continuous process. CML technology is used by the Austrian manufacturer EGGER EFP panels in the prestigious line Floorline panels 33 and laminate flooring GlobArt system, designed for objects utilities.
Dimensions
Most panels have a similar length and width. These dimensions are not meaningful in both the laying and operation of the product. The thickness of the panels does not significantly affect the quality of the product, since it is primarily determined by its design.

installation and operational requirements
One of the most important benefits in favor of choosing laminate flooring is easy and fast way to their assembly, and the fact that almost immediately after laying the floor gives to use. No need to wait several days until the floor to pan out, as is the case with a wooden floor. Laminate cyklinuje not be, nor painted.
laminated panels should not be installed in rooms with high humidity such as bathroom or sauna. Most panels are also not suitable for laying on the floor with electric heating system.

Room climate
both during and after laying the panels in the room must be met: first
air temperature of at least 18'C
second substrate surface temperature of at least 15'C
third relative humidity between 40% and 70%
Air
panels before installing panels should acclimate for at least 48 hours in a room where they will be placed. Wrapped packages should be placed flat on the floor at a distance of at least 50 cm from the walls. Each pack unpack immediately before laying.
Surface preparation and primer
floor panel is a floating floor. Panels does not stick to the ground, and only sticks together at the edges. The substrate to be installed need not be perfectly equal. The panels are laid on the backing equalizer that compensates any small inequality (acceptable variations in the level of + / - 3mm at 100 cm). The base should instead be as clean and smooth. Before installing the floor should be thoroughly vacuumed.

For substrate screed, natural stone or ceramic tiles have to reckon with increasing humidity, so before laying the insulation foam, the entire surface should be placed polythene with a thickness of 0.2 mm, as a steam barrier. The various strands of film should overlap by 20 cm.

the substrate of wood or particle board does not use film and only the insulating layer damping footsteps. Mobile, or loose boards should be removed or permanently fixed. Panels be laid across the existing beams.

substrate with a flexible liner in itself constitutes a barrier room, so there is no need for additional application of the film.

foam insulation we use for each ground. We put it on the "contact", so the bands do not overlap.
switching systems laminate
There are two systems of connections of panels: the glue, and glue. Both tightly link together the individual panels. Linking
adhesive glue
panels are cheaper. Their assembly is more time-consuming and laborious. The advantage is that the adhesive connecting the panels also serve as an additional security seal against moisture penetration at the connection points. Combining non-adhesive

For glueless respectively profiled tongue and groove snap when you connect, forming a tight connection. Since we do not use glue here laying the panels is cleaner, easier and faster. An additional advantage is that the floor so we can use immediately after installation. In addition, several panels can be dismantled and assembled again. This makes possible a mistake when installing it is always good, in case of damage to a single panel can easily replace it with a new one, and when moving floor, you can take with you to a new room.

Design Panels
We design laminate observe two trends. First, manufacturers seeking to produce panels of excellence, which increasingly resemble natural wood. Latest laminate surface (called deep structure) is perforated in such a way that the panel takes up an authentic look. Even touching it, we can clearly feel the natural usłojowienie outer layer.
Some manufacturers have launched so-called panels. V-groove. Specially shaped edges of panels to form a junction with section V groove, which further conforms to the natural laminate flooring planks of wood.
second trend in design clearly differentiates from other laminate flooring. It's an option for those who opt for extraordinary interiors and are not afraid of bold decorative solutions.
new on the market Prestofloor panels are offered in so far not found in these products, colors and designs. Here you can choose from dyeing: green oak, green Swiss pine, oak, white satin, green alder, maple, yellow, green ash, red maple, oak and white Canadian maple.
The markets are new designs imitating aluminum (a collection of 32 model Emotion Fino aluminum), or the appearance of deceptively trowelled concrete-like (Emotion 32 Satan sand)
Advantages and disadvantages of laminate flooring
first Clean and hygienic laminate flooring
easy to keep clean. It does not require special treatment or maintenance. Just wipe with a soft brush and remove dirt with a damp cloth with a mild liquid cleanser. High quality panels fit together perfectly, without creating gaps, which could collect dirt and dust.

second Quick and easy installation
panels laminated floor is ready, that the arrangement does not require scraping, or painting. You can install it yourself without the assistance of a specialist, without the use of special machines, in one day. Even faster and easier arranged non-adhesive panels.

third Permanent
its durable surface layer of laminate is resistant to impact, indentation, abrasion, light, stains or cigarette burns. Therefore used for many years, do not lose their original appearance.

4th Design and colors of the laminated panels
strikingly similar to natural materials, and sometimes it's hard to tell whether it is an original or imitation laminate.

5th Inexpensive
panels are much cheaper than the materials that imitate. With real wood floor would have to pay much more.

As mentioned disadvantages of laminate flooring is that they are sound and artificial. Manufacturers are constantly looking for increasingly sophisticated solutions to these problems.
silencing systems
One of the biggest flaws in the case of the panels is their unpleasant sound. Walking on laminated panels, accompanied by a distinctive, unnatural, hollow sound, which is also bouncing around the room is transferred to lower-lying premises, which is particularly troublesome in housing construction. Sounds slightly reduces used as a flexible foam backing, which is helping to erode further compensates for minor irregularities surfaces and provides good protection against moisture.
best solution to this problem is the noise prevention system, which is a layer dampens the sound of steps is an integral part of the panel. As usual the sound bounces off the panels in the room and through the ceiling space is transferred to the lower floors. Sound insulation, using foam insulation on the principle of citizenship increasing the design capacity, thereby reducing vibration by pressing the mat into the recesses in the substrate.
However, the scheme operates on the principle of silencing converting sound energy into heat energy. Is built with a modified laminate pine resin. Its special molecular structure not only reduces noise, but largely it absorbs. In this way the floor is nearly 50% quieter, and the sounds are lower by at nicer and more acceptable to the auditory system. There comes also to the formation of echoes and vibrations during walking. Deciding to
silencing layer should be remembered that for the system to work properly the surface on which the panels are installed must be level and stable. Then there is the need for an additional primer. Under the panels only put foil vapor barrier.
Despite the fact that silencing systems is a relatively new offering in the market, it already offers all the major manufacturers in the industry. Of course, each of them specifies otherwise your system. The stores will meet with the terms SAS (Sound Absorb System), Silenzio, or Unisound. Convenient shopping on the web panels with calming the system cost from 54.95 to 139.95 zł/m2 PLN/m2
natural alternative
laminated panels are criticized for their artificiality, and even artificial. Chemical materials used in their production make it very difficult to give up, they recycled. Laminated outer layer of panels is a good medium-voltage, so they can strongly naładowywać electrostatic changing the climate of the room. Arises a kind of artificial climate change storm, which may have adverse effects on sensitive people. The panels also make it difficult to equalize the humidity in the room, then lose and natural floors.

Forbo Flooring (company known as a manufacturer of flexible floor coverings and natural) features panels Marmol Click. It's healthy, ecological and hygienic flooring available in easy-to-own arrangement of panels and plates. This product is completely natural. Surface layer of linoleum, Marmoleum is a natural (2mm), which is a mixture of linseed oil, resins, wood flour, limestone and pigments, pressed with a backing of jute. This composition ensures that the floor is antistatic and bacteriostatic, so micro-organisms do not remain on it. Such materials are already used for several years worldwide in hospitals and health centers, which is where hygiene and sterility are paramount.

Another layer is the HDF from profiled tongue and grooved to fit together perfectly and permanently join the panels and tiles, without using glue. The bottom layer (1mm) is a natural cork, which further silences the room and provides a natural heat accumulator. Marmoleum Click panels can be used for underfloor heating. Its construction uses the collected heat efficiently, without causing any loss.

in touch the floor is warm and cozy, which is ideal for children, which usually run around barefoot and the ground is the best place for their playground.
total thickness of the floor is 9.8 mm. Marmoleum is available in panels measuring 91x30 cm and 30x30 cm plates. Their placement is quick and easy. Are placed as non-adhesive panels. Simply press the tongue in groove, which fit together perfectly, creating a tight connection without any gaps. Thanks to this merger, we can repeatedly decompose Marmoleum and submit again, or replace the damaged panel permanently. Marmoleum
you can install on any surface. If the inequalities are greater than 2mm before installing it is good to compensate for the level.
There we have 15 different colors, decorated in natural tones. The various panels and tiles can be combined together to form a variety of design themes and color schemes.